{"id":3539,"date":"2024-02-28T08:05:34","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3539"},"modified":"2024-02-28T08:23:47","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:23:47","slug":"kopia-pueblo-history-copy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3539","title":{"rendered":"KOPIA Pueblo History &#8211; Copy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3539\" class=\"elementor elementor-3539\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b66ce94 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b66ce94\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fd3de8\" data-id=\"3fd3de8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1a80ce elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e1a80ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"90\" height=\"120\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/logo.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1342 lazyload\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 90px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/120;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6324601\" data-id=\"6324601\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3a1a77 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3a1a77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a2abb5\" data-id=\"6a2abb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d31910e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d31910e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\">Sand Canyon-Castle Rock Community<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9898040 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9898040\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0fd517a\" data-id=\"0fd517a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d3bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77d3bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\">Archaeological Project<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a413fb6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a413fb6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c523f6\" data-id=\"1c523f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de4dd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7de4dd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1300\" height=\"14\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pasek_motyw-01.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-989 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pasek_motyw-01.png 1300w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pasek_motyw-01-300x3.png 300w, 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data-settings=\"{&quot;transparent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_show&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#F6F6F6&quot;,&quot;transparent_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;scroll_distance&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:60,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_distance_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_distance_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:100,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:0,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:0,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;she_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;she_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6d11f4\" data-id=\"b6d11f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30f5056 hfe-nav-menu__align-left hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"30f5056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-30f5056\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-3574\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3527\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">HOME<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3575\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3534\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About the Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3576\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3539\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Pueblo History<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3581\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3544\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Digital Data<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3631\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3530\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT129<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3632\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3626\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT135 Sunny Alcove<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3655\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3633\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT181 Mad Dog Tower<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3813\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3526\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT261<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3654\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3649\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT264 The gallery<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3662\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3657\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT1805 Two Story House<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3656\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3638\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">5MT1825 Castle Rock<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3580\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3550\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Gallery<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3579\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3555\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3578\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3560\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Project Team<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3577\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3565\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54c7f30b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54c7f30b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58e85f85\" data-id=\"58e85f85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3519e272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3519e272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the past, the widest territory inhabited by Ancestral Pueblo culture was the vast area that today encompasses the southern parts of Utah and Colorado, and the northern and central parts of Arizona and New Mexico in the North American Southwest. The Mesa Verde region (also called as the Northern San Juan region) was one of the areas where Ancient Puebloans developed their culture to a great extent. Archaeologically, the Mesa Verde region includes adjacent parts of what are presently southeastern Utah, southwestern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. These three states together with Arizona state meet at one point what is known as the Four Corners region, the place located today in the Navajo Indian Reservation, which features a viewing point for tourists and a memorial set up where the borders of these four states meet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5371ec3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5371ec3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75ba265\" data-id=\"75ba265\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e808a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01e808a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1665\" src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2293\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png.png 1800w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png-1024x947.png 1024w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png-768x710.png 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-1png-1536x1421.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f686a71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f686a71\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d3b237\" data-id=\"3d3b237\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3636969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3636969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 1. Map of the Ancestral Pueblo world with areas marked where various groups of this culture developed, including the Mesa Verde region (compiled by Rados\u0142aw Palonka, drawing by Micha\u0142 Znamirowski)..<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6bd392 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6bd392\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-602db53\" data-id=\"602db53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9a7980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9a7980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The origin of the Pueblo culture dates back about 1000\/500 B.C. Although local chronologies vary to some extent across the region of the US Soouthwest, they are all based on the traditional chronology\u2013the Pecos Classification\u2013established in 1927. There are two main periods in the development of the Pueblo culture: the Basketmaker II-III period (from around 1000\/500 B.C. to 700 A.D.), still without stone architecture and pottery, but predominantly agricultural, and the subsequent Pueblo period (from 700 A.D. until today).<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During the Basketmaker period, the ancient Pueblo people lived in hamlets or villages of a few or as many as several dozen pithouses (entry was by way of a sloping ramp through an antechamber, which was a small room off the south wall of the pithouse, or through the roof) and their economy was based from its origins on farming, dominated by growing maize as well as squash and later beans. These three crops are known to many North American Indian peoples as the Three Sisters. During later time periods, cotton was also cultivated. To supplement crop foods, ancient Pueblo Indians gathered and consumed wild plant foods and procured meat by hunting local animals such as mule deer, rabbits, and turkeys.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7113a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7113a7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a877058\" data-id=\"a877058\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27fff3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"27fff3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1918\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2271 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png.png 1800w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png-961x1024.png 961w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png-768x818.png 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-2png-1442x1536.png 1442w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1800\/1918;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cfc5eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cfc5eb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a8edc4\" data-id=\"5a8edc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03f1b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03f1b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2. Cross-section through a typical pithouse with an additional storage room (antechamber) from the Basketmaker II\/-III periods (a) and (b) a photo of the reconstructed pithouse from the Step House in the Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado (drawing by Micha\u0142 Znamirowski after Noble 2000 and other sources, photograph by Rados\u0142aw Palonka).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1428f5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1428f5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-307a9c4\" data-id=\"307a9c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e61f70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e61f70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the pre-Hispanic\/ pre-Columbian Pueblo period architecture underwent a series of significant changes, and buildings two or more stories tall were eventually constructed. The walls of these buildings were built of shaped sandstone rocks; the roofs were of wooden beams, brush, and topped with a clay or sandstone slabs. The first Europeans in the Southwest (Spanish missionaries and conquistadors) used the term \u201cpueblo\u201d\u00a0 for these settlements, a Spanish term meaning \u201cvillage\u201d. Ordinary-size kivas (located underground) were the primary domiciles that were also used for household rituals, although great kivas were nonresidential structures used for ceremonies and other large gatherings (as they are being used today). In addition, there were changes in the economy, including the intensification of arable farming (also domestication of new crops like cotton and raising turkey) and extensive trade with, for example, Mesoamerica. Some sites during the Pueblo II-III periods Chaco-related great houses (sites with architecture similar to monumental Puebloan architecture in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico) were built in the Mesa Verde region; sites such as these might have served as community centers in Mesa Verde at that time. These sites are often called as <em>outliers<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7f3019 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7f3019\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da293f\" data-id=\"9da293f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28caf1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28caf1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3..jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figure 3.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI0MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Utc2FuZGNhbnlvbi5vcmdcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA1XC9GaWd1cmUtMy4uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1583\" height=\"1134\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3..jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2240 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3..jpg 1583w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.-1024x734.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.-1536x1100.jpg 1536w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1583px) 100vw, 1583px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1583px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1583\/1134;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b4cc011 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b4cc011\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0facdc7\" data-id=\"0facdc7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff90fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ff90fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3. Cliff Palace, the largest cliff dwelling from the 13th century A.D. located in Fewkes Canyon, Mesa Verde National Park, southwestern part of Colorado (photograph by Rados\u0142aw Palonka).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a61123d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a61123d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64e4134\" data-id=\"64e4134\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a560406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a560406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The developmental and population-density peaks in the Pueblo culture across the Mesa Verde region during the thirteenth century (Late Pueblo III period dated between A.D. 1225 and 1290) coincided with changes in architecture and site layout. Many small villages existed at that time but there is also evidence of aggregation within large pueblos, so-called community centers. Many villages were located at canyon heads near water sources or in sandstone alcoves in cliff faces. Despite the development of many traits of Pueblo culture in that time and the relatively dense population, occupation of the region by Pueblo peoples drew to a close near the end of that century. Because the Mesa Verde region was, during the Pueblo III period, one of the most densely populated areas of the Southwest, the depopulation of the region at the end of the thirteenth century is intriguing, and the causes are still not completely understood. The Sand Canyon-Castle Rock Community Archaeological Project examines connections between the landscape, architecture and rock art of the Castle Rock Community in the thirteenth century AD\u2014immediately preceding the total depopulation of the Mesa Verde region.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a4f78b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a4f78b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-401ce40\" data-id=\"401ce40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d47dd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7d47dd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figure 4.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI0MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Utc2FuZGNhbnlvbi5vcmdcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA1XC9GaWd1cmUtNC4tc2NhbGVkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1703\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2241 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-4.-2048x1363.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2560px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2560\/1703;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-288ec61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"288ec61\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47db4dc\" data-id=\"47db4dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e96b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e96b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 4. Two Story House (5MT1805), cliff dwelling from Graveyard Canyon documented and recorded by the Sand Canyon-Castle Rock Community project team (photograph by Robert S\u0142abo\u0144ski).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8d770b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8d770b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3950675\" data-id=\"3950675\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3641142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3641142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figure 5png\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Utc2FuZGNhbnlvbi5vcmdcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA1XC9GaWd1cmUtNXBuZy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"2214\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2294 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png.png 1800w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png-244x300.png 244w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png-833x1024.png 833w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png-768x945.png 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png-1249x1536.png 1249w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-5png-1665x2048.png 1665w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1800\/2214;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb85624 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb85624\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-181d8b3\" data-id=\"181d8b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9430b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9430b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 5. Laser scanning of site 5MT129 in Sand Canyon with rock art outside the alcove (a) and (b) tracing of the panel that may be connected with the astronomical observations of Winter Solstice (photograph by Micha\u0142 Znamirowski, drawing by Katarzyna Ciomek).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4257b05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4257b05\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3522c99\" data-id=\"3522c99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38cb6f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38cb6f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, there are 20 contemporary Pueblo settlements (pueblos) in reservations located in Arizona and New Mexico, including for example, Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, and Jemez. Consequently, Pueblo culture exemplifies cultural continuity from ancient times to the present day. Collaboration programs between archaeologists and many Indian communities in the Southwest are implemented today in a number of projects (the first such archaeological-Indian project is thought to have taken place in 1975 and was conducted with the Pueblo of Zuni). Sand Canyon-Castle Rock project\u2019s director collaborates with the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (HCPO) from Second Mesa, Arizona; Hopi representatives provided field consultation for architecture and certain rock art panels, offering invaluable help and interpretations based on Pueblo oral tradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe6f2d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe6f2d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0556ec\" data-id=\"d0556ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b122d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5b122d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6..jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figure 6.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Utc2FuZGNhbnlvbi5vcmdcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA1XC9GaWd1cmUtNi4uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"2415\" data-src=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6..jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2243 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6..jpg 1800w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6.-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6.-763x1024.jpg 763w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6.-768x1030.jpg 768w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6.-1145x1536.jpg 1145w, https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-6.-1526x2048.jpg 1526w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1800\/2415;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-411d206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"411d206\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65d6f14\" data-id=\"65d6f14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355d0f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"355d0f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 6. Consultations with Hopi representatives (Lee Wayne Lomayestewa, Ronald Wadsworth, Garry and Joel Nicholas, Delwyn Tawvaya, and Kevin James Crook) for interpretation of function and meaning of the rock art: a, at site 5MT181 (Mad Dog Tower) in Sand Canyon, June 2016; b, at 5MT1805 (Two Story House) in Graveyard Canyon in May 2017 (photographs by Rados\u0142aw Koz\u0142owski and Micha\u0142 Znamirowski).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69c6053 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69c6053\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0cd91a\" data-id=\"b0cd91a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a86bcb9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a86bcb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a9 Sand Canyon\u2013Castle Rock Community Archaeological Project, 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a310674 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a310674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sand Canyon-Castle Rock Community Archaeological Project Menu HOME About the Project Pueblo History Digital Data Gallery Resources Project Team Contact In the past, the widest territory inhabited by Ancestral Pueblo culture was the vast area that today encompasses the southern <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/?page_id=3539\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3539","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3539"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3602,"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3539\/revisions\/3602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-sandcanyon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}